In this paper, a novel risk-based, two-objective (technical and economical) OPTIMAL reactive power dispatch method in a wind-integrated power system is proposed which is more consistent with operational criteria.  The technical objective includes the minimization of the new voltage instability risk index. The economical objective includes cost minimization of reactive power generation and active power loss. The proposed voltage instability risk employs a hybrid possibilistic (Delphi-Fuzzy)-probabilistic approach that takes into consideration the operator’s experience, the wind speed and demand forecast uncertainties when quantifying the risk index. The decision variables are the reactive power resources of the system. To solve the problem, the modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with sine and cosine acceleration coefficients is utilized. The method is implemented on the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The proposed method is compared with those in the previously published literature, and the results confirm that the proposed risk index is better at estimating the voltage instability risk of the system, especially in cases with severe impact and low probability. In addition, according to the simulation results compared to typical security-based planning, the proposed risk-based planning may increase the security and economy of the system due to better utilization of system resources.

Objective Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) are integrated workstations that utilize computer-controlled equipment components for production. These systems are managed by a central computer, which significantly enhances the efficiency and productivity of the production process. Accordingly, a case study is conducted on an FMS electrical manufacturing system with complex manufacturing processes, where automation on the production line is crucial. Selecting the OPTIMAL number of advanced equipment is a challenging and vital issue for managers aiming to boost productivity and efficiently fulfill customer orders. It is a hard-to-change model, and replacing equipment incurs substantial costs.   Methods This study employs the two-stage D-OPTIMAL method to optimize the combination of FMS elements and equipment. The D-OPTIMAL response level input is derived from discrete-event simulation results. Depending on the conditions, various FMS equipment is allocated to each process. Each simulation result for element combinations serves as input for the experimental design. Additionally, the response level (y) of experiments from various FMS indexes is calculated using a weighting method. To reduce the number of experiments and increase data accuracy in a case study with hard-to-change parameters, all combinations are categorized based on the number of automated and manual equipment. The two stages of the D-OPTIMAL design are defined as follows: In the first stage, all combinations within these categories are investigated. In the second stage, the optimized combination from the first stage is analyzed to determine the best configuration. Experiments in the top category from the first stage are simulated and further evaluated in the second stage of the D-OPTIMAL method.   Results In the first phase, all advanced production equipment and FMS elements were considered. After selecting the best-calculated “y” value, which was 147,133.09 in this category, another D-OPTIMAL design was optimized in the second phase to determine the best combination. This combination yielded a “y” value of 151,317.88, representing an improvement over the best category in the first phase of the D-OPTIMAL design. Consequently, the optimized combination from the first phase was further refined. The results from the developed D-OPTIMAL method and the second phase indicate that the OPTIMAL combination of equipment involves using automated and FMS equipment for approximately 92.8% of the total components. Finally, a list of recommended FMS equipment is provided, and its productivity is compared with the productivity at the current level and a higher degree of automation for this production line.   Conclusion In summary, the results of the experimental design show that using advanced production systems does not necessarily improve system efficiency, and determining OPTIMAL combinations requires accurate calculations.

In order to study the spatial structure of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stand at OPTIMAL stage, this research was carried out in the Caspian forests of Iran. The studied site consisted of a natural stand located at Sangdeh district (Mers-e-se) with three hectare area. It is located between 1900 and1950 m.a.s.l. Six sample plots each with 0.36 ha area, were systematically selected and all trees (1244 stem) within the plots were measured and recorded. Using increment borer, the mean age of the stand was estimated as 137 years; the age difference of trees was 40 years. Results showed that the stand has a closed canopy cover and distribution of stem number per diameter class was more or less homogenous (Bell shape) with a semi even-aged structure. Using Ripley's K function, the distribution of trees within the stand was random.

Theory of undisclosed PRINCIPAL is a particular theory of law of common law system. This is accepted in the Law of common Law system against some of lawyers dissented with it. In the passing regulations of agency of Geneva international sale dated 1983 was effective and the foregoing convention is subject to this regulations. This theory is not consistent with fundamental and basic principles.In the law of common law, undisclosed PRINCIPAL have right to intervene in contract of agent which is concluded for his or her without writing his or her name. This intervention is subject to election of third party. Also until when undisclosed PRINCIPAL is not appeared, all payments and receivements to agent, is payment and receivement to PRINCIPAL. This theory have little analogous with 196 article of Iran civil code in the respect of the intervention , altogether both are from two adverse law system, Notwithstanding in the Iranian law system the right of election in the agent contract by the third party is not recognized. Because Iranian commercial law is subject from roman - Germany law system, theory of undisclosed PRINCIPAL cannot accepted and the undisclosed PRINCIPAL have not the right of intervention.Articles of 5 and 6 insurance act and articles 357 and 367, 388 commercial Code in the foregoing debates denote this object.

Flexibility can be viewed as a linkage between domestic and foreign borrowing capacity. Using accumulated internal funds, it enables the company to make growth choices at a right time in a competitive manner and do projects with positive net present values. However, the existence of PRINCIPAL-PRINCIPAL Conflict resulted from the separation of ownership from management can affect this effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of financial flexibility on the intensity of investment and dividend with emphasis on role of PRINCIPAL-PRINCIPAL Conflict in the companies admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange. In general, the use of a sample (102 companies) from Stock Exchange companies for the years 2011-2017, based on linear regression, suggests that the flexibility financial composite index has a significant positive effect on investment propensity and dividend policy. Likewise, the interactive effect of flexibility financial composite index and PRINCIPALPRINCIPAL Conflict composite index have a moderating effect on investment propensity and dividend policy. It is also of a significant negative effect on the investment propensity and dividend policy.

The generalized PRINCIPAL Ideal theorem is one of the cornerstones of the dimension theory for the Noetherian rings. For an R-module M, certain submodules of M that play a role analo- gous to that of prime ideals in the ring R are identied. Using this denition, we extend the this theorem to modules.

The issue of this article is questioning the beginning and PRINCIPAL of the university, in particular the question is that in what sense can the beginning of the university in Iran be justified and legitimate? By distinguishing between the beginning and the founding, I have linked the beginning of the university to its end, responsibility. The purpose of this research was to show the legitimacy on the university as a modern phenomenon and to pay attention to the necessity of reasoning and critique in the university situation. The university has a new beginning as a new phenomenon. This new beginning or PRINCIPAL can-and should-be discussed in relation to its teleos, by Gadamer's hermeneutic method and in a phenomenological attitude. For such a discussion, first a description is given on the concept of beginning and then, based on the modern experience of the university, that experience is conceptualized. The description of the beginning and the concept of the university are then discussed in the situation of Iran and in relation to the history of the university in Iran. The result of the study is an emphasis on the self-actualization of the academic individual. A university is a place for freedom and responsibility, meaning theorizing and acting to identify and control the evils and anomalies that hinder the realization and formation of self and society. The university is a place for questioning the phenomena of the self, the society and the world. In a sense, given the experience of being a university, the university has been "established" in Iran but has not "begun".